The very first modern Olympic Games opened in the first
week of April 1896. Since the Greek government had been unable to fund
construction of a stadium, a wealthy Greek architect, Georgios Averoff, donated
one million drachmas (over $100,000) to restore the Panathenaic Stadium,
originally built in 330 BCE, with white marble for the Olympic Games.
Since the Games were not well publicized internationally,
contestants were not nationally chosen but rather came individually and at
their own expense. Some contestants were tourists who happened to be in the
area during the Games. Athletes wore their athletic club uniform rather than a
national team one.
Pole vaulting, sprints, shot put, weight lifting, swimming,
cycling, target shooting, tennis, marathon and gymnastics were all events at
the first Olympics. The swimming events were held in the Bay of Zea in the
Aegean Sea. Gold medalist, Alfred Hoyos Guttmann described it: "I won
ahead of the others with a big lead, but my greatest struggle was against the
towering twelve-foot waves and the terribly cold water."Approximately 300
athletes participated, representing thirteen countries.
Interesting Note Of Modern Olympic
The Official Olympic Flag
Created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914, the Olympic flag contains five
interconnected rings on a white background. The five rings symbolize the five
significant continents and are interconnected to symbolize the friendship to be
gained from these international competitions. The rings, from left to right,
are blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The colors were chosen because at
least one of them appeared on the flag of every country in the world. The
Olympic flag was first flown during the 1920 Olympic Games.
The Olympic Motto
In 1921, Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, borrowed a
Latin phrase from his friend, Father Henri Didon, for the Olympic motto:
Citius, Altius, Fortius ("Swifter, Higher, Stronger").
The Olympic Oath
Pierre de Coubertin wrote an oath for the athletes to recite at each Olympic
Games. During the opening ceremonies, one athlete recites the oath on behalf of
all the athletes. The Olympic oath was first taken during the 1920 Olympic
Games by Belgian fencer Victor Boin. The Olympic Oath states, "In the name
of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games,
respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of
sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our teams."
The Olympic Creed
Pierre de Coubertin got the idea for this phrase from a speech given by Bishop
Ethelbert Talbot at a service for Olympic champions during the 1908 Olympic
Games. The Olympic Creed reads: "The most important thing in the Olympic
Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life
is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have
conquered but to have fought well."
The Olympic Flame
The Olympic flame is a practice continued from the ancient Olympic Games. In
Olympia (Greece), a flame was ignited by the sun and then kept burning until
the closing of the Olympic Games. The flame first appeared in the modern
Olympics at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. The flame itself represents a
number of things, including purity and the endeavor for perfection. In 1936,
the chairman of the organizing committee for the 1936 Olympic Games, Carl Diem,
suggested what is now the modern Olympic Torch relay. The Olympic flame is lit
at the ancient site of Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes and using a
curved mirror and the sun. The Olympic Torch is then passed from runner to
runner from the ancient site of Olympia to the Olympic stadium in the hosting
city. The flame is then kept alight until the Games have concluded. The Olympic
Torch relay represents a continuation from the ancient Olympic Games to the
modern Olympics.
The Olympic Hymn
The Olympic Hymn, played when the Olympic Flag is raised, was composed by
Spyros Samaras and the words added by Kostis Palamas. The Olympic Hymn was
first played at the 1896 Olympic Games in Athens but wasn't declared the
official hymn by the IOC until 1957.
Interesting Fact Of Modern Olympic
Real Gold Medals
The last Olympic gold medals that were made entirely out of gold were awarded
in 1912.
The Medals
The Olympic medals are designed especially for each individual Olympic Games by
the host city's organizing committee. Each medal must be at least three
millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter. Also, the gold and silver
Olympic medals must be made out of 92.5 percent silver, with the gold medal
covered in six grams of gold.
The First Opening Ceremonies
The first opening ceremonies were held during the 1908 Olympic Games in London.
Opening Ceremony Procession Order
During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games, the procession of athletes is
always led by the Greek team, followed by all the other teams in alphabetical
order (in the language of the hosting country), except for the last team which
is always the team of the hosting country.
A City, Not a Country
When choosing locations for the Olympic Games, the IOC specifically gives the
honor of holding the Games to a city rather than a country.
IOC Diplomats
In order to make the IOC an independent organization, the members of the IOC
are not considered diplomats from their countries to the IOC, but rather are
diplomats from the IOC to their respective countries.
First Modern Champion
James B. Connolly (United States), winner of the hop, step, and jump (the first
final event in the 1896 Olympics), was the first Olympic champion of the modern
Olympic Games.
The First Marathon
In 490 BCE, Pheidippides, a Greek soldier, ran from Marathon to Athens (about
25 miles) to inform the Athenians the outcome of the battle with invading
Persians. The distance was filled with hills and other obstacles; thus
Pheidippides arrived in Athens exhausted and with bleeding feet. After telling
the townspeople of the Greeks' success in the battle, Pheidippides fell to the
ground dead. In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games, held a race of
approximately the same length in commemoration of Pheidippides.
The Exact Length of a Marathon
During the first several modern Olympics, the marathon was always an
approximate distance. In 1908, the British royal family requested that the
marathon start at the Windsor Castle so that the royal children could witness
its start. The distance from the Windsor Castle to the Olympic Stadium was
42,195 meters (or 26 miles and 385 yards). In 1924, this distance became the
standardized length of a marathon.
Women
Women were first allowed to participate in 1900 at the second modern Olympic
Games.
Winter Games Begun
The winter Olympic Games were first held in 1924, beginning a tradition of
holding them a few months earlier and in a different city than the summer
Olympic Games. Beginning in 1994, the winter Olympic Games were held in
completely different years (two years apart) than the summer Games.
Cancelled Games
Because of World War I and World War II, there were no Olympic Games in 1916,
1940, or 1944.
Tennis Banned
Tennis was played at the Olympics until 1924, then reinstituted in 1988.
Walt Disney
In 1960, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley, California (United
States). In order to bedazzle and impress the spectators, Walt Disney was head
of the committee that organized the opening day ceremonies. The 1960 Winter
Games Opening Ceremony was filled with high school choirs and bands, releasing
of thousands of balloons, fireworks, ice statues, releasing of 2,000 white
doves, and national flags dropped by parachute.
Russia Not Present
Though Russia had sent a few athletes to compete in the 1908 and 1912 Olympic
Games, they did not compete again until the 1952 Games.
Motor Boating
Motor boating was an official sport at the 1908 Olympics.
Polo, an Olympic Sport
Polo was played at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920, 1924, and 1936.
Gymnasium
The word "gymnasium" comes from the Greek root "gymnos"
meaning nude; the literal meaning of "gymnasium" is "school for
naked exercise." Athletes in the ancient Olympic Games would participate
in the nude.
Stadium
The first recorded ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE with only one
event - the stade. The stade was a unit of measurement (about 600 feet) that
also became the name of the footrace because it was the distance run. Since the
track for the stade (race) was a stade (length), the location of the race
became the stadium.
Counting Olympiads
An Olympiad is a period of four successive years. The Olympic Games celebrate
each Olympiad. For the modern Olympic Games, the first Olympiad celebration was
in 1896. Every four years celebrates another Olympiad; thus, even the Games
that were cancelled (1916, 1940, and 1944) count as Olympiads. The 2004 Olympic
Games in Athens was called the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad.
Controversies In Olympics
Dow Controversy (2012)
Even before the start of the event, controversies revolving around Dow Chemical
Company, Games’ official sponsor, hit the 2012 London Games with many calling
for the withdrawal of the said company as its sponsor. Critics argued that the
top Olympic sponsor should not be involved in the project because of its links
to a company accused in the 1984 gas leak in Bhopal, India.
Jesse Owens (1936)
The 1936 Olympic Games, now known to many as ‘Hitler Olympics’, was also noted
for the infamous snub by Hitler to American athlete Jesse Owens. Owens won four
gold medals in the Games, a feat in clear contrast to Hitler’s views as he had
intended the 1936 games to showcase his Aryan ideals and prowess. Owens’ medals
included: one each in the 100 meters, the 200 meters, the long jump, and as
part of the 4x100 meter relay team. Hitler later refused to shake his hand or
hand him his medals.

Black Power salute (1968)
The black power salute is considered as one of the most powerful political
statements made in the history of Olympics. It was a protest made by two
African American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos at the 1968 Olympics in
Mexico City on October 16, 1968 by raising their fists at the podium after the
200m race. Tommie Smith won the 200 meter race in a world-record time of 19.83
seconds, with Australia`s Peter Norman second and the US` John Carlos in third
place. The two US athletes received their medals shoeless, but wearing black
socks, to represent black poverty. Smith wore a black scarf around his neck to
represent black pride; Carlos had his tracksuit top unzipped to show solidarity
with all blue collar workers in the US.
Olympics boycott (1980)
1980 Moscow Olympics was marred by the boycotting of the United States and a
number of other countries because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Then
American president Jimmy Carter issued an ultimatum on January 20, 1980 that
the US would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from
Afghanistan within one month. According to reports, sixty-five countries did
not participate in the Olympics despite being invited. While most of these did
not go to Moscow because of the boycott, a number didn`t participate for
economic reasons.

Ben Johnson (1988)
Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson was stripped of the title after he was tested
positive for stanozolol three days of setting a world record and winning the
1988 Olympic gold. Johnson beat Lewis in the 100m final at the Olympics on
September 24, lowering his own world record to 9.79 seconds. He won one gold
and two bronze medals during the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul, South Korea.
Later, he admitted to doping when he set world record in 100m sprint during the
1987 World Championships in Athletics.
Munich massacre (1972)
A Palestinian group Black September held hostage members of the Israeli Olympic
team on 5th September and eventually killed during the 1972 Summer Olympics in
Munich. The Palestinians demanded the release of 234 prisoners held in Israeli
jails. In the process the kidnappers had killed eleven Israeli athletes and
coaches and a West German police officer.
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